cv-site/internal/validation/contact.go

package validation

import (
	"errors"
	"html"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"time"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

// ContactFormRequest represents a validated contact form submission
type ContactFormRequest struct {
	Name      string `json:"name"`
	Email     string `json:"email"`
	Company   string `json:"company"`
	Subject   string `json:"subject"`
	Message   string `json:"message"`
	Honeypot  string `json:"website"`    // Should always be empty (bot trap)
	Timestamp int64  `json:"timestamp"`  // Form load time (set by server)
}

// ValidationError represents a validation error with field context
type ValidationError struct {
	Field   string
	Message string
}

// Error implements the error interface
func (e *ValidationError) Error() string {
	return e.Field + ": " + e.Message
}

// ValidateContactForm performs comprehensive validation on contact form data
func ValidateContactForm(req *ContactFormRequest) error {
	// 1. Honeypot check (bot detection)
	if req.Honeypot != "" {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "website",
			Message: "Bot detected",
		}
	}

	// 2. Timing check (form must be displayed for at least 2 seconds)
	if req.Timestamp > 0 {
		now := time.Now().Unix()
		timeTaken := now - req.Timestamp
		if timeTaken < 2 {
			return &ValidationError{
				Field:   "timestamp",
				Message: "Form submitted too quickly (bot detected)",
			}
		}
		// Also reject if timestamp is in the future or too old (> 24 hours)
		if timeTaken < 0 || timeTaken > 86400 {
			return &ValidationError{
				Field:   "timestamp",
				Message: "Invalid timestamp",
			}
		}
	}

	// 3. Required fields
	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) == "" {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "name",
			Message: "Name is required",
		}
	}

	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Email) == "" {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "email",
			Message: "Email is required",
		}
	}

	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Subject) == "" {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "subject",
			Message: "Subject is required",
		}
	}

	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Message) == "" {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "message",
			Message: "Message is required",
		}
	}

	// 4. Length validation
	if utf8.RuneCountInString(req.Name) > 100 {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "name",
			Message: "Name must be 100 characters or less",
		}
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(req.Email) > 254 {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "email",
			Message: "Email must be 254 characters or less",
		}
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(req.Company) > 100 {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "company",
			Message: "Company must be 100 characters or less",
		}
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(req.Subject) > 200 {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "subject",
			Message: "Subject must be 200 characters or less",
		}
	}

	if utf8.RuneCountInString(req.Message) > 5000 {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "message",
			Message: "Message must be 5000 characters or less",
		}
	}

	// 5. Email validation (RFC 5322)
	if !IsValidEmail(req.Email) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "email",
			Message: "Invalid email address format",
		}
	}

	// 6. Email header injection prevention
	if ContainsEmailInjection(req.Name) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "name",
			Message: "Name contains invalid characters",
		}
	}

	if ContainsEmailInjection(req.Email) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "email",
			Message: "Email contains invalid characters",
		}
	}

	if ContainsEmailInjection(req.Subject) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "subject",
			Message: "Subject contains invalid characters",
		}
	}

	// 7. Name validation (letters, spaces, hyphens, apostrophes only)
	if !IsValidName(req.Name) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "name",
			Message: "Name can only contain letters, spaces, hyphens, and apostrophes",
		}
	}

	// 8. Subject validation (alphanumeric + safe punctuation)
	if !IsValidSubject(req.Subject) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "subject",
			Message: "Subject contains invalid characters",
		}
	}

	// 9. Company validation (optional, but if provided must be alphanumeric)
	if req.Company != "" && !IsValidCompany(req.Company) {
		return &ValidationError{
			Field:   "company",
			Message: "Company name contains invalid characters",
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// IsValidEmail validates email format per RFC 5322 (simplified)
func IsValidEmail(email string) bool {
	email = strings.TrimSpace(email)

	// Basic length check
	if len(email) < 3 || len(email) > 254 {
		return false
	}

	// Must contain @
	parts := strings.Split(email, "@")
	if len(parts) != 2 {
		return false
	}

	local := parts[0]
	domain := parts[1]

	// Local part validation
	if len(local) == 0 || len(local) > 64 {
		return false
	}

	// Domain must have at least one dot (TLD required)
	if !strings.Contains(domain, ".") {
		return false
	}

	// RFC 5322 simplified regex
	// This is a reasonable approximation - full RFC 5322 is extremely complex
	emailRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_` + "`" + `{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)+$`)

	return emailRegex.MatchString(email)
}

// ContainsEmailInjection checks for email header injection attempts
// Email header injection: attacker tries to inject additional headers via newlines
func ContainsEmailInjection(s string) bool {
	// Check for newlines (CRLF or LF)
	if strings.ContainsAny(s, "\r\n") {
		return true
	}

	// Check for email header patterns (case-insensitive)
	sLower := strings.ToLower(s)

	dangerousPatterns := []string{
		"content-type:",
		"mime-version:",
		"content-transfer-encoding:",
		"bcc:",
		"cc:",
		"to:",
		"from:",
		"subject:",
		"reply-to:",
		"x-mailer:",
	}

	for _, pattern := range dangerousPatterns {
		if strings.Contains(sLower, pattern) {
			return true
		}
	}

	return false
}

// IsValidName validates name format
// Allows: letters (any language), spaces, hyphens, apostrophes
func IsValidName(name string) bool {
	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)

	if name == "" {
		return false
	}

	// Allow unicode letters, spaces, hyphens, apostrophes
	// This supports international names (Juan José, François, 田中, etc.)
	nameRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^[\p{L}\s'-]+$`)

	return nameRegex.MatchString(name)
}

// IsValidSubject validates subject format
// Allows: alphanumeric, spaces, and common punctuation (including #)
func IsValidSubject(subject string) bool {
	subject = strings.TrimSpace(subject)

	if subject == "" {
		return false
	}

	// Allow alphanumeric (any language), spaces, and safe punctuation (including #)
	subjectRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^[\p{L}\p{N}\s.,!?'"()\-:;#]+$`)

	return subjectRegex.MatchString(subject)
}

// IsValidCompany validates company name format
// Allows: alphanumeric, spaces, and common business punctuation
func IsValidCompany(company string) bool {
	company = strings.TrimSpace(company)

	if company == "" {
		return true // Optional field
	}

	// Allow alphanumeric (any language), spaces, and business punctuation
	companyRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^[\p{L}\p{N}\s.,&'()\-]+$`)

	return companyRegex.MatchString(company)
}

// SanitizeContactForm sanitizes contact form data
// This should be called AFTER validation
func SanitizeContactForm(req *ContactFormRequest) {
	// 1. Trim whitespace
	req.Name = strings.TrimSpace(req.Name)
	req.Email = strings.TrimSpace(req.Email)
	req.Company = strings.TrimSpace(req.Company)
	req.Subject = strings.TrimSpace(req.Subject)
	req.Message = strings.TrimSpace(req.Message)

	// 2. Remove any newlines from header fields (belt-and-suspenders)
	req.Name = removeNewlines(req.Name)
	req.Email = removeNewlines(req.Email)
	req.Company = removeNewlines(req.Company)
	req.Subject = removeNewlines(req.Subject)

	// 3. HTML escape message body (prevent XSS in email clients)
	req.Message = html.EscapeString(req.Message)

	// 4. Normalize whitespace in message (collapse multiple spaces/newlines)
	req.Message = normalizeWhitespace(req.Message)
}

// removeNewlines removes all newline characters
func removeNewlines(s string) string {
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\r", "")
	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
	return s
}

// normalizeWhitespace collapses multiple spaces/newlines to single instances
func normalizeWhitespace(s string) string {
	// Replace multiple newlines with double newline (paragraph break)
	newlineRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`\n{3,}`)
	s = newlineRegex.ReplaceAllString(s, "\n\n")

	// Replace multiple spaces (but not newlines) with single space
	spaceRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`[^\S\n]+`)
	s = spaceRegex.ReplaceAllString(s, " ")

	return strings.TrimSpace(s)
}

// Common validation errors
var (
	ErrBotDetected      = errors.New("bot detected")
	ErrInvalidEmail     = errors.New("invalid email format")
	ErrEmailInjection   = errors.New("email injection attempt detected")
	ErrInvalidName      = errors.New("invalid name format")
	ErrInvalidSubject   = errors.New("invalid subject format")
	ErrRequiredField    = errors.New("required field missing")
	ErrFieldTooLong     = errors.New("field exceeds maximum length")
	ErrSubmittedTooFast = errors.New("form submitted too quickly")
)