cv-site/internal/validation/validator.go

package validation

import (
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
)

// Validator provides struct tag-based validation with caching
type Validator struct {
	cache sync.Map // map[reflect.Type]*structMeta
}

// structMeta holds cached metadata about a struct
type structMeta struct {
	fields []fieldMeta
}

// fieldMeta holds metadata about a single field
type fieldMeta struct {
	index int           // Field index in struct
	name  string        // JSON field name (or struct field name if no json tag)
	rules []ruleInfo    // Validation rules to apply
}

// ruleInfo holds information about a single validation rule
type ruleInfo struct {
	name  string // Rule name (e.g., "required", "max")
	param string // Optional parameter (e.g., "100" for "max=100")
}

// NewValidator creates a new validator instance
func NewValidator() *Validator {
	return &Validator{}
}

// Validate validates a struct using its validate tags
// Returns ValidationErrors if validation fails, nil if successful
func (v *Validator) Validate(s interface{}) error {
	val := reflect.ValueOf(s)

	// Handle pointer to struct
	if val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
		val = val.Elem()
	}

	if val.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
		return ValidationErrors{{
			Field:   "validation",
			Tag:     "struct",
			Message: "validate requires a struct or pointer to struct",
		}}
	}

	// Get or create cached metadata
	meta := v.getStructMeta(val.Type())

	// Validate all fields
	var errors ValidationErrors
	for _, field := range meta.fields {
		fieldVal := val.Field(field.index)

		// Convert field value to string for validation
		var strValue string
		switch fieldVal.Kind() {
		case reflect.String:
			strValue = fieldVal.String()
		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
			strValue = strconv.FormatInt(fieldVal.Int(), 10)
		case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
			strValue = strconv.FormatUint(fieldVal.Uint(), 10)
		default:
			continue // Skip unsupported types
		}

		// Apply transformations first (trim, sanitize)
		transformedValue := v.applyFieldTransforms(strValue, field.rules)

		// Update field value if it was transformed and is a string
		if transformedValue != strValue && fieldVal.Kind() == reflect.String && fieldVal.CanSet() {
			fieldVal.SetString(transformedValue)
			strValue = transformedValue
		}

		// Validate field with all rules
		for _, rule := range field.rules {
			// Skip transform-only rules
			if rule.name == "trim" || rule.name == "sanitize" {
				continue
			}

			// Skip optional marker
			if rule.name == "optional" {
				continue
			}

			// Get validation function
			validateFunc, exists := validationRules[rule.name]
			if !exists {
				errors = append(errors, FieldError{
					Field:   field.name,
					Tag:     rule.name,
					Message: "unknown validation rule: " + rule.name,
				})
				continue
			}

			// Execute validation
			if err := validateFunc(field.name, strValue, rule.param); err != nil {
				errors = append(errors, *err)
			}
		}
	}

	if len(errors) > 0 {
		return errors
	}
	return nil
}

// getStructMeta retrieves or creates cached metadata for a struct type
func (v *Validator) getStructMeta(t reflect.Type) *structMeta {
	// Try to load from cache
	if cached, ok := v.cache.Load(t); ok {
		return cached.(*structMeta)
	}

	// Parse struct and cache metadata
	meta := v.parseStruct(t)
	v.cache.Store(t, meta)
	return meta
}

// parseStruct parses a struct type and extracts validation metadata
func (v *Validator) parseStruct(t reflect.Type) *structMeta {
	meta := &structMeta{
		fields: make([]fieldMeta, 0, t.NumField()),
	}

	for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
		field := t.Field(i)

		// Skip unexported fields
		if !field.IsExported() {
			continue
		}

		// Get field name from json tag, fallback to struct field name
		fieldName := field.Name
		if jsonTag := field.Tag.Get("json"); jsonTag != "" {
			parts := strings.Split(jsonTag, ",")
			if parts[0] != "" && parts[0] != "-" {
				fieldName = parts[0]
			}
		}

		// Parse validate tag
		validateTag := field.Tag.Get("validate")
		if validateTag == "" {
			continue // No validation rules
		}

		rules := v.parseValidateTag(validateTag)
		if len(rules) > 0 {
			meta.fields = append(meta.fields, fieldMeta{
				index: i,
				name:  fieldName,
				rules: rules,
			})
		}
	}

	return meta
}

// parseValidateTag parses a validate tag string into rule infos
// Format: "rule1,rule2=param,rule3"
func (v *Validator) parseValidateTag(tag string) []ruleInfo {
	parts := strings.Split(tag, ",")
	rules := make([]ruleInfo, 0, len(parts))

	for _, part := range parts {
		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
		if part == "" {
			continue
		}

		// Split rule name and parameter (e.g., "max=100")
		ruleParts := strings.SplitN(part, "=", 2)
		rule := ruleInfo{
			name: ruleParts[0],
		}
		if len(ruleParts) > 1 {
			rule.param = ruleParts[1]
		}

		rules = append(rules, rule)
	}

	return rules
}

// applyFieldTransforms applies transformation rules to a field value
func (v *Validator) applyFieldTransforms(value string, rules []ruleInfo) string {
	for _, rule := range rules {
		switch rule.name {
		case "trim":
			value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
		case "sanitize":
			value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
			// Remove newlines from header fields
			value = strings.ReplaceAll(value, "\r", "")
			value = strings.ReplaceAll(value, "\n", "")
		}
	}
	return value
}

// ValidateStruct is a convenience function that creates a validator and validates
func ValidateStruct(s interface{}) error {
	v := NewValidator()
	return v.Validate(s)
}